The Equine Genetic Diversity Consortium: an international collaboration to describe genetic variation in modern horse breeds
The Equine Genetic Diversity Consortium (EGDC) led by the University of Minnesota represents a collaborative international community of equine researchers who are working to build a comprehensive understanding of genetic diversity among equine populations across the world. The result of this project will positively impact our ability to define population-based issues, identify and preserve characteristics that define particular breeds, decipher the history of the modern horse, and uncover the genetic basis of numerous complex traits.
Diversity in the Modern Horse
While several prior studies have focused upon maternal lineage diversity in horses (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA), and small set of nuclear DNA markers, this project is the first to utilize whole-genome nuclear single nucleotide polymorphis (SNP) data to understand evolutionary relationships among equine populations. Each horse in the study (> 20 horses per breed) will be genotyped at over 54,000 SNP loci to determine diversity within and among breeds, quantify the relationships of breeds to one another, and evaluate admixture. We will also identify a set of ancestry informative markers (AIMs) that will be useful for future questions of population assignment and to correct for population structure in association studies. Once complete, this data set will stimulate new studies into the origins of breeds and breed-defining traits, and guide efforts to preserve genetic diversity.
Signatures of Selection in the Modern Horse
Domestic animal populations provide the opportunity to study genomes that have undergone recent intense selection. Human husbandry in livestock and companion animal species has resulted in breeds that have been developed to uniformly exhibit particular traits through selective breeding practices and intensive inbreeding. Bred for athletic ability, particular performance traits, and metabolic efficiency, horses are an ideal for the identification of genes and genetic pathways underlying those phenotypes. The goal of this project is to identify genomic regions under selection in the domestic horse genome.
We are using two methods of identifying regions under selection. Mapping signatures of selection in the modern horse is the first step in the identification of genes important in the domestication and specialization of modern horse breeds. Specifically, we believe that this method will allow for the identification of genomic regions underlying important metabolic and performance traits in the horse that may also be important to understanding human disease.
Equine Genetic Diversity Consortium Members:
Jessica L. Petersen, Molly E. McCue, James R. Mickelson
University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN
Mark Vaudin, June E. Swinburne, Laura Fox-Clipsham
Animal Health Trust, Suffolk, UK
Matthew M. Binns
Equine Analysis Systems, Inc., Midway, KY
Gérard Guérin
French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Telhisa Hasegawa
Japan Racing Association, Japan
Knut H. Røed
Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
Richard Piercy
Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
Oliver A. Ryder
San Diego Zoo’s Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA
Lisa S. Andersson, Jeanette Axelsson, Gabriella Lindgren
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
E. Gus Cothran
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
Emmeline W. Hill, Nick Orr, Pieter Brama, Beatrice McGivney
University College Dublin, Ireland
Alexandre Secorun Borges
Universidade Estadual Paulista–Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Artur da Câmara Machado, Maria Susana Lopes
University of Azores, Portugal
Bianca Haase, Tosso Leeb
University of Berne, Switzerland
Danika L. Bannasch, M. Cecilia T. Penedo
University of California, Davis, CA
Karin Hemmann, Hannes Lohi
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Ernest F. Bailey, Kathryn T. Graves
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Michela Felicetti, Maurizio Silvestrelli
University of Perugia, Italy
Ottmar Distl
University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
Teruaki Tozaki
Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Japan
Claire M. Wade
University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia